The tax burden in #Germany. “The tax wedge is a measure of the tax on labour income, which includes the tax paid by both the employee and the employer.” and “for the average single worker” in Germany in 02024 the tax wedge was 47.9%, above the OECD average of 34.9%. “The employee net average tax rate is a measure of the net tax on labour income paid directly by the employee.” and, for the same worker, the employee net average tax rate was 37.4% (OECD average 25.0%). #CC BY 4.0. A #PDF extract of OECD (2025), Taxing Wages 2025: Decomposition of Personal Income #Taxes and the Role of Tax ReliefsTaxing [sic] Wages, OECD Publishing, Paris, <https://doi.org/10.1787/b3a95829-en>.
on 02026-08-1902025 #paper “A Review: Applications of #MOX #Sensors from Air Quality Monitoring to Biomedical Diagnosis and Agro-Food Quality Control” #CC BY kind of #vapid in a way that suggests AI slop
on 02026-08-11Felzenszwalb and Huttenlocher’s #PDF #paper DOI:10.4086/toc.2012.v008a019 on simple #algorithms for calculating the Euclidean #distance-transform of a pixmap: “Distance Transforms of Sampled Functions.”
Abstract: We describe linear-time algorithms for solving a class of problems that involve transforming a cost function on a grid using spatial information. These problems can be viewed as a generalization of classical distance transforms of binary images, where the binary image is replaced by an arbitrary function on a grid. Alternatively they can be viewed in terms of the minimum convolution of two functions, which is an important operation in grayscale morphology. A consequence of our techniques is a simple and fast method for computing the Euclidean distance transform of a binary image. Our algorithms are also applicable to Viterbi decoding, belief propagation, and optimal control.
on 02026-01-12Jürgen Schmidhuber investigates the #history of the transistor, coming to the conclusion that Lilienfeld’s devices did work, that he had working MOSFETs in the 01920s! #CC BY-NC-SA
on 02025-12-31Chenyang “Platy” Hsu compares #Trump’s favored Times New Roman with other #fonts, like Palatino, Caslon, Baskerville, New Century Schoolbook, Frutiger, Univers, Myriad, and of course Calibri. “At this point, it might sound as though the argument is trending toward a defense of the Department’s earlier choice: Calibri. Unfortunately, Calibri is also a poor fit for formal contexts. While seriousness and authority aren’t the exclusive province of serifs, Calibri does little to convey those traits.” #politics #CC BY-NC-ND
on 02025-12-30The third edition of the #PLAI #ebook omits the explanation of the #Hindley-Milner type-inference algorithm I was looking for, but it’s still #CC BY-NC-SA. #PDF
on 02025-12-28#paper saying that the break-even year for most #climate-change countermeasures is something like 02080, so even though they’d be profitable, they wouldn’t be profitable for the current generation. #CC by
on 02025-12-12#tutorial on #hoarding old #cellphones and installing #PostmarketOS to use them as web servers. #CC BY-NC-SA
on 02025-11-25a #CC review #paper on salt-hydrate #TCES #energy-storage #toread
on 02025-11-11#CC #paper “Thermal Stability and Eutectic Point of Chloride-Based High-Temperature Molten Salt Energy Systems” on #materials
on 02025-11-11#paper #toread #CC “Thermal Ca^2+/Mg^2+ Exchange Reactions to Transform Abundant Silicates Into Alkaline Materials for Carbon Dioxide Removal” Chen and Kanan #atmospheric-capture
on 02025-11-08#Eliezer’s 02007 paean to the power of intelligence, #CC BY-ND
on 02025-09-1302019 #medicine review #CC BY #paper about #asbestos and lung #cancer. “The new knowledge gained through this review provides the evidence for synergism between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoke in lung cancer causation at a biological level. The evaluated statistical data conform best to a multiplicative model for the interaction effects of asbestos and smoking on the lung cancer risk, with no requirement for asbestosis. Any asbestos exposure, even in a heavy smoker, contributes to causation. Based on this information, we propose criteria for the attribution of lung cancer to asbestos in smokers and non-smokers.”
on 02025-09-02on why the author uses #OCaml and in particular things like LSP tooling (and Merlin, an alternative), Jane Street’s Dune build system, and the OPAM package manager. #CC BY-SA
on 02025-08-30#paper on #carbon-capture of #CO2 from blast-furnace gas using CaO and CuO. #CC
on 02025-02-06#Tutorial on writing a #Unix shell in C (fork, execvp, waitpid, etc.) #CC by-sa.
on 02024-12-27#CC by final #paper by #DRMacIver on #Hypothesis shrinking. #toread #testing #PBT
on 02024-12-22#CC by preprint of #PDF #paper by #DRMacIver on how #Hypothesis shrinking works #testing #PBT
on 02024-12-22#paper suggesting that up to 21% of job ads are "ghost jobs", which “can explain the recent disconnect in the Beveridge Curve in the past fifteen years” #CC by #toread #hiring
on 02024-12-19#paper on #creatine #supplements under #CC BY. #nutrition
on 02024-12-12#CC BY-SA #paper on #space food from asteroids such as asteroid Bennu
on 02024-11-27#video on paper conservation for #archival with humidification chambers, aqueous aerosols, vapor-permeable membranes, and alcohol sprays. #CC BY-SA from a “Jigsaw Teaching” project
on 02024-11-24a game in #Forth for the original Macintosh and Commodore 64 under #CC BY-SA. #retrocomputing
on 02024-11-20#CC #paper on how #space satellites produce #alumina that can deplete the ozone layer upon reentry. “Satellites burn up at the end of service life during reentry, generating aluminum oxides as the main byproduct. These are known catalysts for chlorine activation that depletes ozone in the stratosphere. We present the first atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulation study to resolve the oxidation process of the satellite’s aluminum structure during mesospheric reentry, and investigate the ozone depletion potential from aluminum oxides.” #environment
on 02024-11-19#Subtext is on GitHub under a non-open-source #CC license
on 02024-09-16really interesting #CC By #paper on “snapshottable stores” for things like backtracking on union-find using Lisp shallow-binding implementation techniques. Starts with a really nice abstraction of the union-find algorithm.
on 02024-09-0402012 version of the #open-access #CC #ebook “Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation” (#PLAI), which has a gentle tutorial introduction to Hindley-Milner type checking
on 02024-08-03You can cross-link #chitosan #materials with acetaldehyde. #CC BY
on 02024-07-28"MTG Jamendo" is a dataset from 02019 of 55000 #music tracks from #Jamendo under #CC licenses, along with extensive metadata. 156GB for the low-quality audio dataset, 508GB for the high-quality audio dataset. #pasivos
on 02024-07-10#cppreference’s #C reference, #CC licensed
on 02024-06-30Offline #CC licensed versions of the #cppreference site, which it turns out covers not only the #C++ standards but also the #C standards. Already in Debian as cppreference-doc-en (but seven years old) and with online downloadable archives as well (the latest of which is a few weeks old and only 6MB). #reference #documentation
on 02024-06-30"Objaverse" has #pasivos of 3-D meshes: 817899 3-D models with meshes and texture maps. All under #CC licenses. Some could be useful for #3D-printing.
on 02024-06-26#ebook #toread Procedures In Experimental Physics, by John Strong. “Many procedures for the #physics lab, including: glass-blowing, high #vacuum, electrometers, Geiger counters, optics, heat and high temperature, and [#manufacturing] techniques. Profusely illustrated by Roger Hayward.” #CC #public-domain because 01938 copyright not renewed
on 02024-06-24the cppreference site is licensed #CC BY-SA. #C++ #documentation
on 02024-06-21another site with textures of 3314 PBR materials under #CC CC0. #pasivos
on 02024-05-21Lennart Denes has this site with 2310 #pasivos under #CC CC0 public-domain, including textures of PBR materials, HDRI backgrounds, #3-D models, terrain, etc.
on 02024-05-21In addition to the 40 CC0 #1-bit #pasivos, another 37 of those 333 files are supposedly licensed #CC BY (4.0). Except that in a lot of cases the authors put a conflicting license on the actual page.
on 02024-05-21#1-bit tileset by #Kenney under a #CC CC0 public-domain license. #pasivos #tilesets
on 02024-05-21itch.io offers #CC CC0 public-domain tilemaps and #tilesets for 2-D #games; you don’t have to sign up or sign in to download them, just click on an extra “no thanks” link. 122 results tagged “tilemap”, 273 tagged “tileset.” #pasivos
on 02024-05-21100% #CC CC0 public-domain HDRI environments, PBR material textures, and “hyperreal” #3D models, for #games and #graphics. Hundreds of each. The latest 3-D model is a 3-D scanned milk can in 6000 polygons (“Metal Jug”). The texture images are all at least 8000 pixels square, and they have normal maps. Supports .blend, glTF, .zip, .usd (Universal Scene Description), .fbx, and for HDRIs, Open EXR and Radiance RGBE (.hdr). Supported by ads, several hundred patrons on Patreon (who get early access to new files that are otherwise shown only as teasers for weeks), and a Blender addon. One of the top downloads is a 27k triangle model of a Leica camera uploaded four years ago with 27000 triangles and 89000 downloads. #pasivos
on 02024-05-21#PrintABlok #CC BY-NC files for this snap-fit #construction-set
on 02024-05-04#CC #paper #PDF “An Alternative to Conventional Rock Fragmentation Methods Using SCDA: A Review” on #expanding-grout, describing many different products from different manufacturers, DOI 10.3390/en9110958. Also contains the absurd error mentioned in an earlier paper that the cement contains SO₃.
on 02024-05-03#CC #paper describes various excavation methods (plasma, foam injection, etc.) including #expanding-grout, which it says works by hydrating lime under confinement and also producing ettringite, but lists four different types: type K (4CaO·3Al₂O₃·SO₃ + 8CaSO₄⋅H₂O + 6Ca(OH)₂ + 74H₂0 → 3(3CaO⋅Al₂O₃⋅3 CaSO₄⋅32H₂O, can be enhanced with silica fume and plasticizer), type M (CaO⋅Al₂O₃ + 3CaSO₄⋅H₂O + 2Ca(OH)₂ + 24H₂O → 3CaO⋅Al₂O₃⋅3CaSO₄⋅32H₂O), type S (3CaO⋅Al₂O₃ + 3CaSO₄⋅H₂O + 26H₂O → 3CaO⋅Al₂O₃⋅3CaSO₄⋅32H₂O), and class [sic] G (CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂). Calls it “SCDA” and mentions ASTM C 845 “Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement”. It says they work too slowly (12h) to replace explosives in the usual mining cycle, but I suspect that’s not true of class G, where the main problem is keeping it from reacting to completion before you can pour it into the hole.
on 02024-05-03#CC machining plans for a #mechanical micrometer popularly (but probably falsely) believed to have been made by James Watt
on 02024-04-28Early #history of #Usenet, Steve Bellovin, #CC by-sa
on 02024-02-21#pendulum #physics with differential equations under #cc by
on 02024-02-21a bunch of #SuperCollider #music in 140 characters or less. #small-is-beautiful #CC BY-NC-SA
on 02024-02-06#AVR #Arduino UNO #hardware #pinout #CC by-nd
on 02024-01-23the #Slug 2-D #graphics #algorithms #paper, “GPU-Centered #Font Rendering Directly from Glyph Outlines”, by Lengyel, #CC BY-ND, 02017
on 02024-01-14Nina Paley’s #CC public-domain #movie reimagining the Exodus #mythology from a feminist mother-goddess perspective #feminism
on 02023-11-22Elfring, Torta, and van de Molengraft’s more comprehensive #particle-filters #tutorial #paper (with #PDF) which supposedly has example code that I can’t find. This is recent (02021) and open-access (#CC BY, I think), and many pages long, and has an overview of a lot of the motivation, but in some sense not very approachable.
on 02023-10-01#paper on exercise and #depression and #anxiety, #CC by-nc
on 02023-09-06#booting with "EBBR", a subset of #UEFI, referenced by the #ARM Base Boot Requirements and the #RISC-V Platforrm Specification. #CC by-sa
on 02023-08-19#Gustedt’s #Modern-C #ebook in #PDF itself. #CC BY-NC-ND
on 02023-06-24Jens #Gustedt’s "Modern C" #ebook is #CC BY-NC-ND and is reputedly the best current #C book
on 02023-06-22actual #WHO guideline against #sweeteners. #CC BY-NC-SA #food-additives #health
on 02023-06-12#PDF #paper about #tachyhydrite for seasonal thermal energy storage with #TCES, largely focused on the problem of hydrolysis producing HCl. #CC BY
on 02023-02-28list of museums with #CC #public-domain collections of images, from the #Standard-Ebooks Manual of Style; this is the chapter about getting art and images for ebooks
on 02023-01-15#3D scan of the bust of #Nefertiti made by the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection in #Berlin is now freed by a #FOIA request by Cosmo Wenman and Kristoff Ritlewski, under #CC BY-NC-SA
on 02022-12-30#CC licensed #ebook about #control-theory
on 02022-10-12tile-based #font fonts under mostly #CC licenses (31000 of them)
on 02022-05-21“Engineering #Thermodynamics: A graphical approach” textbook #ebook from 02010, #CC BY-NC-SA
on 02021-11-11#thermodynamics properties of steam, CO₂, R134a, etc., #CC BY-NC-SA
on 02021-11-11#paper on #geothermal heat flux in #Antarctica; worldwide continental heat flux is 67 mW/m². Some of Antarctica is over 2500 Ga in age and about half is over 0.5 Ga, suggesting 51 to 69 mW/m², but some measurements suggest areas over 100 mW/m². #cc by
on 02021-05-29#paper on the state of weighing #metrology in 02018. #CC PD but not open access
on 02021-02-17#interview by Daniel Temkin about the #Orca #esolang, a two-dimensional ASCII language for #livecoding #music, by #100-Rabbits Devine Lu Linvega and Rekka Bell(um?), who live on a solar-powered sailboat called Pino and created a conworld called the Neauismetica. Talks a lot about #Fractran. “#Lisp is a slippery slope that leads inevitably to #Forth.”. #bootstrapping #cc by
on 02021-02-09literate-programming #ebook developing the proof assistant "Proust" in Racket, apparently written for teaching Waterloo's Logic and Computation course, with an overview of propositional and predicate #logic, as well as #Coq and #Agda. #cc by-nc-sa
on 02021-02-09#RISC-V #hardware manuals, #CC by
on 02021-01-24IEA #WEO says #solar #photovoltaic #pricing is now the “cheapest electricity in history” and offers the chance to stop global warming. “New utility-scale #solar projects now cost $30-60/MWh in Europe and the US and just $20-40/MWh in China and India.” Includes a plot of the IEA’s abysmal past record predicting solar — from which we can see that PV’s exponential growth did in fact smash into a wall in 02017, when 95 GW were installed, up from 46 GW in 02014, 25 GW in 02011, and 7 GW in 02008. The WEO’s figure for 02020 is 103 GW, nothing like the 196 GW you'd expect if the exponential trend had continued. #CC by-nc-nd #climate-change #energy #pricing #history
on 02021-01-24“An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to Grammar”, Shieber, 1986 (mostly), on #parsing with definite clause grammars and other #formal-methods. #CC by #PDF #ebook #toread 97 pages
on 02021-01-20LaserSaber/LaserHacker licensed a bunch of machine designs under #CC BY-SA
on 02021-01-13The "Operation Elop" translation into English, of the #history of the fall of #Nokia, is now available (as of 2017) under #CC by-nc-sa.
on 02020-12-20Avgvsts Tunes: a bunch of #MIDI #music under #CC BY.
on 02020-12-13classic 1989 #ebook #pdf on #raytracing by Glassner, #CC by or maybe by-sa
on 02020-10-10#CC BY-SA translation of the Odyssey #fiction
on 02020-11-12#ebook about #materials. #CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
on 02020-11-12Wikipedia used to have a “featured sounds” curation process that cataloged really awesome downloadable #cc #audio, including a lot of #music, but this process ended in 2011.
on 02015-08-13