Open-access #paper “Influence of Heating during Cooking on Trans Fatty Acid Content of Edible Oils: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, on #cooking #food not producing significant amounts of trans fats until 240°: “Overall, heating to temperatures <200 °C had no appreciable impact on different TFA levels. Between 200 and 240 °C, levels of C18:2 t (0.05% increase per 10 °C rise in temperature, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.05%), C18:3t (0.18%, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.21%), and total TFA (0.38%, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.55%) increased with temperature. A further increase in total TFA was observed with prolonged heating between 200 and 240 °C. Our findings suggest that heating edible oils to common cooking temperatures (≤200 °C) has minimal effect on TFA generation whereas heating to higher temperatures can increase TFA level.” PMCID PMC9002916, PMID 35406103, DOI 10.3390/nu14071489.
on 02024-08-03#yogurt making theory #food #cooking #fermentation
on 02024-01-30Harold McGee of On Food and Cooking writes about how can-aging #food for decades changes its flavor
on 02023-08-19my comment on #fertilizers #energy use in #agriculture, citing Woods et al. #food
on 02022-05-21“#Energy and the #Food System”, Jeremy Woods, Adrian Williams, John K. Hughes, Mairi Black, and Richard Murphy, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Sep 27; 365(1554): 2991–3006. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0172 #agriculture #fertilizer
on 02022-05-21from “#Energy and the #Food System,” graph of Ontario #agriculture: grains and oilseeds mostly yield 30-90 GJ/hectare (I assume per year), but grain corn is up around 120, and switchgrass more like 170; fossil-fuel energy consumption is shown at the bottom as 10–20 GJ/ha.
on 02022-05-21“#Energy Inputs in #Food Crop Production in Developing and Developed Nations,” Pimentel’s #EROEI #paper where he found about four joules returned per joule spent on industrialized #agriculture, #CC-BY, Energies 2009, 2(1), 1-24; https://doi.org/10.3390/en20100001
on 02022-05-21“George Jetson” gets the #EROEI of industrial agriculture badly wrong: he quotes Pimentel as saying the EROEI of industrialized agriculture is about 0.25:1, but what Pimentel actually found was 1:0.25, four joules returned per joule spent. Consequently Jetson’s entire point about “The EROI of global food production” is wrong. #food #energy #agriculture
on 02022-05-21how much #ammonia does #agriculture need per bushel of #corn? 3kg of hydrogen makes 17k of ammonia which makes 250 bushels of corn (56 lb. each, so 6350 kg; 3.5 kcal/g gives 370 MJ/bushel, so that’s 93 GJ), so the 142MJ in 1 kg of hydrogen has about 3% of the energy content of the resulting 31 GJ of corn. #fertilizer #economics #energy #food
on 02022-05-21the timeline of "aquafaba", the water from #cooking chickpeas as an egg replacer. #vegetarian #vegan #food
on 02016-02-02