#PDF #paper by Ericsson on how experts acquire #expertise through #deliberate-practice: “Deliberate Practice and Acquisition of Expert Performance: A General Overview”, Academic Emergency Medicine 2008; 15:988–994, 02008. “After some limited training and experience—frequently less than 50 hours for most recreational activities, such as skiing, tennis, and driving a car—an individual’s performance is adapted to the typical situational demands and is increasingly automated, and they lose conscious control over aspects of their behavior and are no longer able to make specific intentional adjustments. For example, people have automated how they tie their shoelaces or how they stand up from sitting in a chair. When performance has reached this level of automaticity and effortless execution, additional experience will not improve the accuracy of behavior nor refine the structure of the mediating mechanisms, and consequently, the amount of accumulated experience will not be related to higher levels of performance.
In direct contrast, aspiring experts continues to improve their performance as a function of more experience because it is coupled with DP. The key challenge for aspiring expert performers is to avoid the arrested development associated with automaticity. These individuals purposefully counteract tendencies toward automaticity by actively setting new goals and higher performance standards, which require them to increase speed, accuracy, and control over their actions, as is shown in the upper arm of Figure 3. The experts deliberately construct and seek out training situations to attain desired goals that exceed their current level of reliable performance.”
on 02024-08-27good article on learning #expertise through #apprenticeship with a bad title
on 02021-12-19As usual #Gladwell is full of shit; the actual #expertise researchers he tried and failed to summarize speak up.
on 02016-07-15